Begging the Question: How Hidden Assumptions Corrupt Arguments
Why some arguments feel convincing but prove nothing—and how to catch them
The Ad Hominem Shortcut: When Attacking People Replaces Arguments
Why attacking the speaker feels satisfying but leaves the argument untouched
The Bandwagon Fallacy: Why Popular Doesn't Mean Correct
Popular belief reveals social dynamics, not truth—here's how to evaluate ideas on their logical merits alone
The Slippery Slope: When Future Fears Derail Present Decisions
Not every warning about where things are heading is manipulation—here's how to tell the difference
Necessary vs Sufficient: The Distinction That Changes Everything
Why meeting all the requirements still isn't enough—and how to think clearly about conditions
The Gambler's Fallacy: Why Past Events Don't Predict Random Futures
Your gut feeling about probability is mathematically bankrupt—here's why randomness ignores its own history
Red Herrings: How Irrelevant Information Hijacks Your Thinking
Learn to recognize when seemingly relevant information is actually leading your reasoning astray from what truly matters
Correlation Without Causation: The Most Dangerous Assumption
Learn to distinguish meaningful connections from coincidental patterns and make decisions based on what actually causes what.
The False Dilemma: Why Most 'Either-Or' Choices Are Illusions
Learn to spot artificial either-or choices and discover the hidden alternatives that lead to better decisions
Appeal to Tradition: When 'We've Always Done It' Fails
Learn to separate ancient wisdom from inherited error by testing traditions like any other claim
Appeal to Emotion: When Feelings Override Facts
Master the art of using emotional intelligence to strengthen rather than bypass your logical reasoning.
The Hasty Generalization: When One Example Becomes Everyone
Learn why your brain leaps from single examples to universal claims—and how to reason more accurately from limited evidence.
Valid vs Sound: The Two-Part Test Every Argument Must Pass
Master the two-part test that separates arguments that feel convincing from arguments that actually prove their conclusions true.
The Middle Ground Fallacy: When Compromise Isn't Wisdom
Not every disagreement deserves a compromise—learn to recognize when splitting the difference just splits you from the truth.
The Texas Sharpshooter: Finding Fake Patterns in Random Data
Learn why patterns discovered after seeing data prove nothing and how proper hypothesis testing reveals genuine connections
If-Then Thinking: Master the Logic That Runs Your Life
Unlock the hidden conditional logic behind everyday decisions, programming, contracts, and rational arguments
Appeal to Authority: When Experts Help and When They Mislead
Learn to distinguish genuine expertise from false authority claims and navigate expert opinions with logical precision and critical thinking skills
The No True Scotsman: Moving Goalposts to Win Arguments
Learn to spot when people redefine categories mid-argument to dodge counterexamples and maintain false generalizations through verbal trickery
Circular Reasoning: The Logic Error You Make Every Day
Learn to spot and escape the self-justifying logic loops that trap your thinking and limit your understanding of reality
Tu Quoque: Why 'You Too' Never Wins Arguments
Master the art of separating truth from the truthteller and transform defensive arguments into productive discussions about what really matters.
The Burden of Proof: Who Really Needs to Prove What
Master the hidden rules that determine who must provide evidence and when skepticism becomes the position requiring proof
Why Your Best Arguments Fail: The Hidden Structure of Persuasion
Discover why perfect logic fails to convince and learn the three-part framework that makes arguments actually persuasive in real conversations
The Strawman Trap: How Misrepresenting Arguments Destroys Discussions
Master the art of recognizing and countering the most common fallacy that derails productive debates and learn techniques to keep discussions focused on real positions.