Why Paradigms Cannot Be Chosen Rationally
Paradigm shifts reveal that scientific rationality is collective and contextual, not algorithmic and timeless
Why Scientific Models Are Always Wrong
Scientific models gain their power not despite being wrong, but because of how they are wrong.
The Hidden Curriculum of Science Education
Science classrooms teach far more than facts—they transmit values, habits, and identities defining who counts as a scientist.
How Scientific Training Shapes What Scientists See
Why scientists from different paradigms can examine the same evidence and see fundamentally different things
Why Failed Experiments Are Rarely Published
The invisible archive of null results shapes what we think we know.
How Scientific Images Persuade
Scientific images don't just record evidence—they construct visual arguments through choices we rarely notice
The Rise and Fall of Scientific Fields
Why scientific disciplines emerge, thrive, and sometimes vanish—and what institutional dynamics reveal about knowledge itself
How Scientific Consensus Actually Forms
Scientific agreement isn't discovered in nature—it's built through social processes that are both rigorous and deeply human.
Why Scientific Controversies Never End Cleanly
Scientific disputes end through social processes, not decisive experiments—and understanding this strengthens rather than undermines science.
Why Replication Crises Are Inevitable
Replication failures reveal normal features of knowledge production, not exceptional breakdowns in scientific integrity.
How Funding Shapes What We Know
Research funding doesn't just determine which questions get asked—it shapes which answers become thinkable.
Why Scientific Revolutions Require Outsiders to Succeed
How disciplinary training creates the blind spots that only boundary-crossers can illuminate
The Hidden Politics of Peer Review
How power, networks, and institutional practices shape what science accepts as knowledge
How Laboratories Construct Nature
Understanding how laboratories don't just discover facts but actively construct the conditions that make scientific knowledge possible.
Why Scientists Must Ignore Most Evidence
How paradigms enable scientific progress by directing attention toward solvable problems while necessarily rendering most observations invisible or insignificant
How Scientific Instruments Think for Us
Why the tools of science are not neutral observers but active collaborators in creating knowledge
The Social Life of Scientific Facts
How scientific claims transform from laboratory controversies into textbook certainties through social processes that create genuine reliability.
The Gender of Science
Examining how masculine values became embedded in scientific methods and institutions—and how diverse perspectives create more comprehensive knowledge.
How Citations Create Scientific Reality
Why the papers science remembers reveal as much about social networks as intellectual breakthroughs
Why Scientific Objectivity Requires Social Organization
Objectivity emerges not from unbiased individuals but from communities structured to catch each other's errors—making institutional design central to reliable knowledge.
The Invention of Scientific Method
Why the textbook version of how science works obscures the sophisticated diversity of actual scientific practice—and why that matters.